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Now Im trying to imagine just what the strongest case for reparations might be, but even in this thought experiment its hard to see what the eligibility criteria for receiving payment should be, what sum should be due, how much proof is required of eligibility not everyone will have a good set of family records etc. Less flippantly, Western countries are not of one mind when it comes to the age of consent sex with a 14 year-old is legal in some countries, criminal in others (yes yes, paedophilia versus ephebophilia etc, you got me).. Just as how in the 16th century the anti-slavery voices in Europe were overwhelmed, and in the 19th century the abolitionists won out. it was cheaper, at times, to starve people and then replace them He has discovered new and exciting research materials in African archives, among them the Register of Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone, which list names, bodily details, ethnicity and origins, thus putting a human face on people otherwise treated as fodder and statistics. If black lives really mattered these people would be protesting the 500 shot dead so far by predominantly black men in Chicago this year. And yet anti-black race riots broke out in 1948 in Liverpool and in 1958 in Nottingham and Londons Notting Hill. Societies have had a long history of treating minorities harshly. Surely the US has already spent much more than that on black Americans. Used to be on a long-dead and much missed forum where the topics of debate ranged far wider than they do here (as did the viewpoints I think it would be useful if us right-wing brexity mob didnt chase off the sensible non-right-wing non-brexity types so much). After decades of complaints, the Royal African Company lost its monopoly in 1712 and, Olusoga writes, Independent traders were turned loose upon the shores of Africa. These traders had argued (stone-blind to irony) that the right to enslave Africans was a defining feature of English freedom and that the Royal African Company had breached their status as free-born Englishmen. The people in Portland, Seattle and Kenosha are too decadent to fight back. . In 1796, a bill was defeated by only four votes: a group of abolitionist MPs went to the opera and missed the vote. It is a good deed that must not go unpunished. It is a form of self-loathing. It's against this backdrop that Black British History Month was created. What has he got to say about that? Dr Peter Olusoga is a senior psychology lecturer at Sheffield Hallam university. Anybody can do this. Ive always agreed that the Africans should pay reparations to the rest of us for dumping all those people they wanted to get rid of on us. Prof Olusoga, the presenter of the A House Through Time TV series, calls it an act of "historical salvage" to bring to the fore the black British figures who had been "lost in the archives, completely forgotten". Maybe someone should advise him to button his lip before he stirs up something he may not like. He updates Fryer, citing radioisotope analysis of skeletons and craniometrics, which support written documentation of Aurelian Moors guarding Hadrians Wall and settling in places such as Yorkshire. Looking at what happened in Haiti or Jamaica or chunks of Latin America, I dont find either well, could have been much worse or what do you expect, Early Modern West Europeans, how could they have known better? to be particularly convincing responses. The stars are out as Dr Pete Olusoga explores the psychology of stage and screen with the wonderful British actor (and Coronation Street veteran), Shobna Gulati. In America few were castrated, which is why there are now >40 million descendants there. I assume he is not very bright and Race Hustling is very lucrative. Under English law, damages are assessed as being that amount needed to restore them to the position they would have been, had the event claimed against not occurred. ), Who is fundamentally right about reparations for slavery? One of his teachers had a coffee mug bearing a National Front slogan and another attacked him during a school trip, he said. Black history: Should it be part of the wider curriculum? Over 150 years in America. Women such as Elizabeth Heyrick continued to lobby for the abolition of slavery. They included Josiah Wedgwood (the pottery entrepreneur), Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson. And, of course, being half white, he is only entitled to half the reparation payment. Africans had a demand for female slaves. Its extraordinary success rested upon the foundation of sympathy laid down during the previous 70 years of abolitionist activity in Britain. Fryers book was monumental, inspiring conferences, publications, the setting up of local history groups, the establishment of Black History Month, and radio and television programmes. Vikings took slaves, including exporting Anglo-Saxons (you must have heard the quote Non Angli, sed Angeli about the English slaves being sold in Italy? Nineteen eighty-four was a transformative year for David Olusoga. Id say theres enormous dangers in treating this as if it was some public school debating society gig. It could not have happened at all unless African traders and kings had offered slaves to the Europeans. Equiano is also mentioned in Incomparable World, a novel by SI Martin, which was selected by Booker award-winning author Bernardine Evaristo for her Black Britain: Writing Back series. Olusoga is of half Nigerian descent. Latin America for instance. "I have," he admits, "a habit of . Read about our approach to external linking. The Westman Islands of Iceland have an interesting history in terms of European slavery a major rebellion of presumably mostly Irish (Westmen) slaves was put down there in the typically brutal Scandinavian manner, hence the name, but in the 1600s the local inhabitants were themselves enslaved by Barbary pirates and taken to Algiers, from where a few were ransomed back and one wrote about the experience. It can be withdrawn. Theres an argument about judging people by the standard of their times, though even in the 1500s moral and religious objections to the slave trade had been made and the rationale of crimes against humanity is that some things are so abhorrent they could never truly be legal no matter what moral code the perpetrators justified themselves with. Not sure theyd do that with modern sensibilities mind you. Olusoga has written stand-alone history books as well as those accompanying his television series. That someone did something 200 years ago means double ought nothing.. I could just as well feel something else entirely, and Im sceptical of all approaches to impose a supposedly universal, timeless or even just coherent, thats a challenge in itself ethical system. One of the reasons why the American and Caribbean experiences were very different. I assume these were usually killed before Europeans turned up and bought them. That was a bad experience but he should know that you cannot judge a whole country by what happened when he was young. But that is not the argument I am making. Ill disparage them. That assumes an increase in demand. Then the second. Re putting the argument for paedophilia they actually gave Gide the Nobel prize for literature didnt they? Over 1000 years in Britain. But slaves were more valuable, so the British fought the Spanish for a share in the trade and eventually came to dominate it. Tim says there might be some truth to them for the Caribbean. One in which enslaved people suffered and even died from malnutrition, as the economics of the slave trade meant that it was cheaper, at times, to starve people and then replace them than it was to provide them with food. By David Dabydeen (Photo By Alamy) Nineteen eighty-four was a transformative year for David Olusoga. And the Domesday Book even counts slaves as a separate category below the unfree peasants (villans, bordars and cottars) those owed service to a Lord who could order them to move about and could say yes or no to their proposed marriages, but unlike slaves he didnt own them, couldnt sell them, and they had property rights to at least a smallholding. If you want to pay more tax, just write a cheque to HMRC and send it off. Giles Terera, the Olivier award-winning British performer who starred in the popular theatre production Hamilton, has recently staged a play called the Meaning of Zong about the massacre of 132 enslaved Africans aboard the slave ship Zong in 1781 and the impact it had on Equiano. "The phenomena of which he is iconic is one that we have written out, edited out of our nation. Rather the constitution banned the slave trade and so it become economically worth it to make sure slaves lived longer. (If the likes of SMFS believe Western society will fall apart without a return to traditional Christian-inspired values, I suggest they either don a pessimists crash-helmet or just cling on and enjoy the ride to Hell in their top-gear handcart. His exposure to Nigerian culture seems quite limited. But that ignores how the demand of outsiders led inevitably to far more supply being provided, so I dont think the traders can be given a pass on this front either. And yet Africans and West Indians were banned from the victory parade in 1919. Even discussing it gives your opponents arguments merit. Between that night at the opera and 1807, nearly 800,000 Africans were enslaved. Prof David Olusoga has presented numerous documentaries including A House Through Time and Black and Black and British: A Forgotten History, Olaudah Equiano played a role in Britain's abolishment of slavery, Performer Giles Terera has written a play featuring Equiano, Prof Olusoga said when it was published, people did not believe the book was by an African as it was deemed so well written, Bernardine Evaristo (second left) has launched a series called Black Britain: Writing Back which features novels by black British authors that have been overlooked, Should black history be taught all year round? A weekly newsletter helping you fit together the pieces of the global economic slowdown. And the transatlantic slave trade? Particularly as nowadays anyone who dares even look at someone a few days below the age of consent is believed to be an incorrigible nonce who deserves hanging, castration, or castration by hanging. I have that estimate saved and ready to be critiqued as part of a larger project. It died out with the Romans leaving, and its non-legality repeatedly reaffirmed from the reign of the early Normans onwards. Oh man. Pope Nicholas V gave his blessing, so long as the Vatican benefited. The German survivors of Stalingrad were sent to camps and most of them worked to death. He saw how enslaved people who had risen up were burnt to death, castrated or mutilated, punishments he regarded as merited. The Sokoto Caliphate probably had as many slaves and a lot fewer free men as the Old South. His autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, details how he was sold into slavery aged 11, his experience of travelling the world as slave to a Royal Navy officer - who renamed him Gustavus Vassa - and how he bought his freedom from his final master, an English merchant in Montserrat. As he states, The oral history of 20th-century racial violence has never been collected or collated, but it is thereand it is shocking.. Eventually, 11,000 separate British slave-trading expeditions resulted in the trafficking of three-and-a-half-million Africans to the New World plantations, the greatest forced migration in modern history until the 20th century. I doubt that they are now firmly united in a common cause. Dr Peter Olusoga is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology. For almost 60 years, there was impasse. Check out the trailer for Peter Pan & Wendy, an upcoming live-action movie directed by David Lowery. You can pay all the reparation for historical slavery related wrongs, real or imaginary, you want. "They look to history not just for inspiration and comfort, not just for heroes and for glorious chapters; they look for history expecting to find challenging stories, painful stories, dark truths, villains as well as heroes. A House Through Time returned to BBC Two in May for its third season, and once again is fronted by historian extraordinaire David Olusoga. Slavery didnt last much longer for various reasons, fizzled out in a century or so, but we have the records to show it was still part of the system after twenty years of Norman rule: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/world-of-domesday/order.htm. It isnt going to happen anyway. Rapidly promoted to sergeant, then second lieutenant, he led white British troops into action and died in 1918, having been mentioned in despatches and recommended for the Military Cross. Olusoga poses as an objective historian and says he is not there to bring comfort to people. Various among the societies that were agglomerated into Nigeria were more or less involved in that slave trade from the supply end. If their ancestors had remained in Africa would they be better off than they are now? We do not know for sure. The government has said the "flexibility within the history curriculum means that there is the opportunity for teachers to teach about BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) history across a spectrum of themes and eras" so it did "not believe it was necessary to change the curriculum". They did not care much for adult males. Needless to say, the national mood changed. It has been reissued by publishing house Hodder and Prof Olusoga has written the foreword. You might have heard of a Romano-British chap called Patrick, got enslaved and nabbed to Ireland? That is a strawman argument at its best. He adds: "The reason Equiano's story, Equiano's voice, is not as well known as it should be, is because we have a long habit in this country of not wanting to talk about slavery. John Mandeville, whose travelogue (circa 1356) was one of the most widely translated books of the later Middle Ages, presented Africans as naked savages living amid heaps of gold to which they gave no value. Would the good professor really be so different if genealogical records could prove he had African ancestors who owned African slaves? He also studied at the University of Liverpool and so benefits from slavery as much as anyone else. If one disproves his assertions would slavery then be okay? June 16, 2020 - 20:29 BST Aisha Nozari. In the UK its not white people enslaving blacks anymore, but Asians enslaving other Asians, as in Leicesters clothing sweatshops. By this logic, we ought to sue the African American community. Support 100 years of independent journalism. He is a Cultural Marxist trying to destroy the West. They have a game plan & youre falling for it. He was immersed in it. It's possibly a deeper change than some people realise because I don't think what we're living through is a series of political events; I think we're living through a generational shift," he says. Very little sugar on the mainland. Olusoga patterns his narrative after Fryers, starting with the North African presence in Roman Britain. They may not be happy about Dresden or Hiroshima but their lives are much better. Hes welcome to pursue his line of thought but he should bear in mind that tolerance is, by its nature, in the gift of the powerful. Thousands of petitions were presented to parliament. Peter Pan & Wendy is a live-action reimagining of the J.M . It's all down to people in their 20s, those at school and in their teens, who have a relationship with history which, says Prof Olusoga, is profoundly different from that of their parents and grandparents. You dont have esoteric discussions with paedophiles any more than you would with serial killers. Watching @worstall execute @richardjmurphy is like watching a very, very clever cat slowly killing at ataxic mouse. 2023 BBC. They may have been turning people they would have killed into a profitable commodity. Theres a flaw in arguments of the form frankly you should be glad I murdered your sister, since had I not done so, its quite possible though we cannot be sure that someone else would have tortured her then murdered her, which is even worse, so whos the real criminal? Which is that I still murdered your sister. If you are wracked with guilt, ashamed of your forebears, do it! White communities suffer huge losses from Black crime. Which of those societies does Olusogas ancestry come from? Those aged 11-14 have to be taught about the British Empire between 1745-1901, however the slave trade is one of nine examples given by the Department of Education on what can be taught. More than a million copies were sold in Britain cheap pirated versions reached a mass readership. History is just one awful thing after another. The rest apart from Ireland (17, partly due to influence of aforementioned Patrick) set it younger. Olusoga is making an appeal to white guilt. 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